Glossary — Lofty Golden Oil ERP

Comprehensive glossary of all technical terms, business terminology, abbreviations, roles, database tables, and module names used throughout the system documentation.

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1. Technical Terms

Term	Definition
SPA	Single Page Application — a web application that loads a single HTML page and dynamically updates content via JavaScript without full page reloads
JWT	JSON Web Token — a compact, URL-safe token used for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object; used for stateless authentication
RBAC	Role-Based Access Control — a security model where system access is granted based on a user's assigned role within an organisation
CORS	Cross-Origin Resource Sharing — a browser security mechanism that controls which domains can access resources on a server
API	Application Programming Interface — a set of protocols and tools for building software applications; in this system, a RESTful JSON API
REST	Representational State Transfer — an architectural style for designing networked applications using standard HTTP methods
SSL/TLS	Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security — cryptographic protocols for securing data transmitted over a network; HTTPS uses TLS
HTTPS	Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure — the secure version of HTTP, encrypted via TLS
DNS	Domain Name System — the hierarchical naming system that translates domain names (e.g., loftygoldenoil.com) to IP addresses
IP	Internet Protocol — the numerical address assigned to a device on a network (e.g., 170.9.14.60)
VPS	Virtual Private Server — a virtual machine sold as a service by an internet hosting provider
PM2	A Node.js process manager that provides features like process monitoring, log management, clustering, and automatic restarts
Nginx	A high-performance web server and reverse proxy used for serving static files, load balancing, and SSL termination
CI/CD	Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment — development practices where code changes are automatically built, tested, and deployed
GitHub Actions	A CI/CD platform integrated into GitHub that automates build, test, and deployment workflows
SCP	Secure Copy Protocol — a method for securely transferring files between hosts over SSH
SSH	Secure Shell — a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network
React	A JavaScript library for building user interfaces, maintained by Meta; version 19 in this system
Vite	A fast frontend build tool and development server; version 6 in this system
Express	A minimalist Node.js web application framework; version 5 in this system
Node.js	A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine for server-side applications
MySQL	An open-source relational database management system; version 8.0 in this system
MySQL2	A Node.js driver for MySQL with support for prepared statements, connection pooling, and Promises
bcryptjs	A JavaScript implementation of the bcrypt password hashing algorithm, used for securely storing passwords
Axios	A promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js
HTML	HyperText Markup Language — the standard markup language for creating web pages
CSS	Cascading Style Sheets — a stylesheet language for describing the presentation of HTML documents
JSON	JavaScript Object Notation — a lightweight data interchange format
DOM	Document Object Model — a programming interface for web documents, representing the page as a tree of objects
HMR	Hot Module Replacement — a feature that updates modules in the browser during development without a full reload
SPA Fallback	A server configuration (Nginx try_files) that redirects all non-file requests to index.html to support client-side routing
Connection Pooling	A technique where a cache of database connections is maintained and reused to avoid the overhead of opening new connections for each request
Stateless	A communication protocol where each request contains all necessary information; the server does not store session state between requests
Middleware	Software that runs between the request and response cycle in a web framework, performing tasks like authentication, logging, and error handling
Controller	A function or module that handles incoming requests, executes business logic, and returns responses
Endpoint	A specific URL path (e.g., /api/inventory) combined with an HTTP method that handles a particular function
Public Key	In TLS/SSL, the certificate portion shared with clients; in JWT, the secret used to verify token signatures
Certbot	A free, open-source software tool for obtaining and renewing Let's Encrypt SSL/TLS certificates
Let's Encrypt	A free, automated certificate authority providing SSL/TLS certificates for HTTPS
Docker	(Not currently used) A containerisation platform for packaging applications with their dependencies
GitHub	A web-based platform for version control and collaboration using Git
Git	A distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code
YAML	YAML Ain't Markup Language — a human-readable data serialisation format used in GitHub Actions workflow files

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2. Business Terms — Edible Oil Industry

Term	Definition
Edible Oil	Any vegetable oil intended for human consumption, including palm oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, etc.
RBD Palm Olein	Refined, Bleached, and Deodorised Palm Olein — the liquid fraction of refined palm oil; the most common cooking oil in West Africa
Crude Palm Oil (CPO)	Unrefined palm oil extracted from fresh fruit bunches; requires further processing before consumption
Palm Kernel Oil	Oil extracted from the kernel (seed) of the oil palm fruit; distinct from palm oil extracted from the fruit flesh
CKG	Crude Kernel Grade — a quality measure for palm kernel oil
NPK	Not typically used in oil context; in this system, may refer to a product grade or internal classification
Packing	The process of filling, sealing, and labelling cooking oil into retail or bulk containers
GENTING	Genting Plantations — a major palm oil producer/supplier; used as a supplier name in the system
BSL	Bulk Storage Level — refers to bulk oil storage and logistics
ABA	Aba — a major commercial city in Abia State, Nigeria; may refer to a distribution zone or customer location
HFL	High Free Fatty Acid Level — a quality indicator for palm oil; high FFA indicates degradation
LGO	Lofty Golden Oil — the company name; may also refer to internal product or batch codes
MRN	Material Receipt Note — a document confirming receipt of raw materials or goods
MRT	Material Receipt Transaction — a recorded transaction for received materials
SIV	Supplier Invoice Voucher — a document used to verify and process supplier invoices
DOP	Delivery Order Placement — a document or process for placing delivery orders
Waybill	A document accompanying goods in transit, listing the contents, destination, and recipient; legally required in Nigeria
Debit Note	A document issued by a seller to a buyer indicating an amount owed, typically for returned goods or pricing adjustments
Credit Note	A document issued by a seller to a buyer reducing the amount owed, typically for returned goods or overcharges
NAFDAC	National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control — the Nigerian regulatory body overseeing food, drugs, and chemicals
SON	Standards Organisation of Nigeria — the national standards body responsible for product quality certification
BOM	Bill of Materials — a list of raw materials, components, and quantities required to manufacture a product
Yield %	The ratio of actual output to expected output in production, expressed as a percentage
Cost Per Litre	The total production cost divided by the number of litres produced; a key unit economics metric
Free Fatty Acid (FFA)	A measure of oil quality; high FFA indicates spoilage or poor processing
Crushing	The mechanical process of extracting oil from palm fruit or kernels
Refining	The process of removing impurities, colour, and odour from crude oil to produce refined oil
Fractionation	The process of separating palm oil into solid (stearin) and liquid (olein) fractions using controlled cooling
Blending	Mixing different oils or grades to achieve desired quality specifications
Bulk Carrier	A vehicle or vessel used for transporting large quantities of liquid cooking oil
Tank Farm	A facility with large storage tanks for holding bulk liquid cooking oil
FIFO	First In, First Out — an inventory valuation method where the oldest stock is sold/used first
LIFO	Last In, First Out — an inventory valuation method where the newest stock is sold/used first
FOB	Free On Board — a trade term indicating the seller delivers goods to a shipping vessel; risk transfers to buyer at that point
CIF	Cost, Insurance, and Freight — a trade term where the seller covers cost, insurance, and freight to the destination port
Distributor	An intermediary entity that purchases cooking oil in bulk and resells to retailers or end consumers
Wholesaler	A business that sells goods in large quantities, typically to retailers
Retailer	A business that sells goods directly to consumers
Credit Limit	The maximum amount of credit extended to a customer before requiring payment

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3. Accounting & Financial Terms

Term	Definition
Chart of Accounts (COA)	A structured list of all financial accounts used by an organisation, typically organised by assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, and expenses
General Ledger (GL)	The master accounting record containing all financial transactions of the organisation
Journal Entry	A recording of a financial transaction in the accounting system, consisting of at least one debit and one credit
Debit	An accounting entry that increases an asset or expense account, or decreases a liability, equity, or revenue account
Credit	An accounting entry that increases a liability, equity, or revenue account, or decreases an asset or expense account
Trial Balance	A report listing all general ledger account balances to verify that total debits equal total credits
Profit & Loss (P&L) Statement	A financial report summarising revenues, costs, and expenses for a specific period to show net profit or loss
Balance Sheet	A financial statement showing assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time
Bank Reconciliation	The process of matching the balances in an entity's accounting records (GL) to the corresponding information on a bank statement
Accounts Receivable (AR)	Money owed to the business by its customers for goods or services delivered on credit
Accounts Payable (AP)	Money the business owes to its suppliers for goods or services received on credit
Invoice	A commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer, indicating the products, quantities, and agreed prices for goods or services
Receipt	A document acknowledging that payment has been received
Voucher	An internal document authorising a financial transaction (payment, receipt, or journal entry)
Debit Voucher	A voucher authorising a debit entry in the general ledger
Credit Voucher	A voucher authorising a credit entry in the general ledger
AR Aging	A report categorising outstanding receivables by how long they have been unpaid (current, 30 days, 60 days, 90+ days)
Credit Note	A document reducing the amount a customer owes, issued when goods are returned or overcharged
Debit Note	A document increasing the amount a customer owes, issued for additional charges or corrections
Expense	A cost incurred in the process of generating revenue
Revenue	Income generated from the sale of goods or services
Asset	A resource owned by the business that has economic value
Liability	An obligation or debt owed by the business to another party
Equity	The owner's claim on the assets of the business after all liabilities have been settled
Fiscal Period	A specific time period for financial reporting (monthly, quarterly, annually)
Naira (₦)	The official currency of Nigeria
Kobo	The subdivision of the Nigerian Naira; 100 Kobo = 1 Naira

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4. User Roles

Role	System Role ID	Description
Admin	admin	Full system access to all modules, user management, and system configuration
Production	production	Access to inventory and production modules; manages stock levels, production runs, and BOM
Sales	sales	Access to customers, sales, invoicing, and accounts receivable modules
Accountant	accountant	Access to expenses, general ledger, accounting reports, and financial modules
MD	(Approver Level 4)	Managing Director — provides final approval on requisitions; not a system login role but an approver designation
Requester	(Workflow)	Any user who creates a requisition; the starting point of the approval workflow
Supervisor	(Approver Level 1)	First-level approver in the requisition workflow
Manager	(Approver Level 2)	Second-level approver in the requisition workflow
Accounts	(Approver Level 3)	Third-level approver (accounting department) in the requisition workflow
Approver	(Generic)	Any user with authority to approve or reject items at their designated level

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5. Database Tables

Table Name	Purpose	Key Fields
users	System user accounts with credentials and roles	id, email, password_hash, role, full_name, is_active
settings	Key-value store for system-wide configuration	id, key, value, updated_by
inventory	Master list of inventory items (oils, materials, finished goods)	id, name, description, quantity, unit, unit_price, min_stock, category
purchases	Purchase orders from suppliers	id, supplier_id, item_name, quantity, unit_price, total_cost, date
production_runs	Production batch records with BOM and yield tracking	id, product_name, bom, quantity, yield_pct, cost_per_litre, status
sales	Sales orders to customers	id, customer_id, date, total_amount, status
expenses	Financial expense records by category	id, category, description, amount, date
inventory_adjustments	Audit trail for manual stock quantity changes	id, inventory_id, adjustment, reason
ar_invoices	Accounts receivable invoices linked to sales	id, sale_id, invoice_no, amount, due_date, status
ar_payments	Payments received against AR invoices	id, invoice_id, amount, payment_date, method, reference
requisitions	Multi-level approval workflow items	id, requester_id, type, description, amount, status, level_1–4
customers	Customer master data with credit and balance info	id, name, contact, phone, address, credit_limit, balance
suppliers	Supplier master data	id, name, contact, phone, address
audit_log	Immutable system audit trail of all significant actions	id, user_id, action, entity_type, entity_id, details, ip_address

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6. ERP Module Names

Module	Navigation Label	Description
Dashboard	Dashboard	Home page with KPIs, charts, alerts, and recent transactions
Inventory	Inventory	Stock management, adjustments, alerts, and CSV export
Purchases	Purchases	Purchase order management and supplier linking
Production	Production	Production runs, BOM, yield tracking, cost analysis
Sales	Sales	Sales orders, invoicing, AR tracking, and receipts
Customers	Customers	Customer master data, credit limits, and statements
Accounting	Accounting	GL entries, journal entries, trial balance, P&L, balance sheet, bank reconciliation
Expenses	Expenses (under Accounting)	Expense tracking and categorisation
Users	Users	User account management and role assignment
Activity	Activity	Audit log of all system actions
Requisitions	Requisitions	Multi-level approval workflow management
Reports	Reports	Consolidated reporting across all modules
Settings	Settings	System configuration and preferences

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7. Abbreviations Quick Reference

Abbreviation	Full Form
AR	Accounts Receivable
AP	Accounts Payable
API	Application Programming Interface
BOM	Bill of Materials
CI/CD	Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment
CPO	Crude Palm Oil
CRUD	Create, Read, Update, Delete
CORS	Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
DNS	Domain Name System
DOP	Delivery Order Placement
ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
FFA	Free Fatty Acid
FIFO	First In, First Out
GL	General Ledger
HMR	Hot Module Replacement
IP	Internet Protocol
JWT	JSON Web Token
KPI	Key Performance Indicator
LGO	Lofty Golden Oil
MRN	Material Receipt Note
MRT	Material Receipt Transaction
MD	Managing Director
NAFDAC	National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control
NPK	(Internal product/grade classification)
P&L	Profit & Loss
PM2	Process Manager 2 (Node.js)
RBAC	Role-Based Access Control
RBD	Refined, Bleached, and Deodorised
SCP	Secure Copy Protocol
SDL	Security Definition Language
SHA	Secure Hash Algorithm
SON	Standards Organisation of Nigeria
SPA	Single Page Application
SSL	Secure Sockets Layer
SIV	Supplier Invoice Voucher
TLS	Transport Layer Security
VPS	Virtual Private Server
WWW	World Wide Web

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Document version: 1.0 — July 2026